Christopher Columbus Essay -- Christopher Columbus Essays

Christopher Columbus was an Italian navigator who sailed west across the Atlantic Ocean in search for the all-water route to Asia, but or else achieved fame for making landfall in the Caribbean Sea. Columbus was born in Genoa, Italy. His father was a weaver, and it is believed that Columbus entered this trade as a young man. In the mid-1470s he do his first trading voyage to the island of Khios, in the Aegean Sea. Settling in Lisbon, where his brother Bartholomew was working as a cartographer, he was married in 1479 to the lady friend of the governor of the island of Porto Santo. In December, the Santa Maria was wrecked off the coast of Espanola.The Nina, with Columbus in command, and the Pinta began the homeward voyage in January 1493. After storms drove the ships first to the Azores and accordingly to Lisbon, Columbus arrived in Palos, Spain, in March. He was enthusiastically received by the Spanish Monarchs.Columbus planned immediately for a second expedition, with about 150 0 men, which go away Spain in September 1493. They landed on the island of Dominica, Gaudeloupe. His stop at Puerto Rico is the closest he came to setting foot on land that would later social class part of the United States, the main foundation for the claim that Columbus discovered America. When Columbus returned to Isabella on September 29, he found that serious dissension had actual among the colonists, a number of whom were already on the route to Spain to press their grievances. One of the major...

The Chosen, My name is Asher Lev, In the Beginning, and The Book of Lights :: Comparison Compare Contrast Essays

Assimilation and the American Jew in Potoks The Chosen, My name is Asher Lev, In the Beginning, and The declare of Lights. America has forever and a day been a country of immigrants, since it was first settled by Europeans over five hundred years ago. Like any country with a considerable immigrant population, American has always faced the problem of assimilation. Because America was founded and settled by immigrants, her close is a combination of the cultures of other countries. Should these immigrants isolate themselves from the mainstream American culture, or should they sacrifice the culture of their homelands for the benefits American culture has to offer? Judaism in particular has had to deal with the assimilation question. One of the worlds oldest religions, it has remained strong over its six thousand year history by remaining distinct and isolated from other cultures. Chaim Potok focuses on how Orthodox and Hasidic Jews have handled this problem in his books The Chosen , My name is Asher Lev, In the Beginning, and The Book of Lights. Many of Chaim Potoks characters want the American Jewry to remain isolated from the mainstream American culture The world kills us The world flays our skin from our bodies and throws us into the flames The world laughs at Torah And if it does not kill us, it tempts us It misleads us It contaminates us It asks us to join in its ugliness, its abominations (The Chosen 127) The Chosen deals with the problems Jews have faced in trying to come to their heritage in particular, the problem of how to deal with the danger of assimilation (Young). The Jews have always been professionals occupying jobs in medicine, law, education, and other fields requiring a college degree. American Jews, however, face a dilemma Ideas from this secular world inevitably impinge upon an individual born in a church community or a synagogue community, peculiarly when that individual embarks on a college experience (Potok 2). American Jews must e ither take on nonprofessional jobs, assuming an identity completely different from that of European Jews, or expose themselves to secular America. Isolation is thoroughly impractical for the American Jew. Chaim Potoks works often focus on main characters whose talents draw them to the extraneous world When individuals are brought up in the heart of such a community or culture as Dannys and Reuvens did in The Chosen they learn to point themselves to its values They see the world through the system of values of that unique community.

Lady of the Manor Essay -- essays research papers

Andrew PickettMay 31st 2002Macbeth Ruthless EssayPeriod 2 and 3To be unkind is to act with malignity regardless of the consequences. In the first two acts of Macbeth, peeress Macbeth is clearly to a greater extent ruthless than Macbeth himself. While when some(prenominal) characters are set about with the judgment of murdering Duncan they appear every bit as ruthless, it becomes clear as the scenes progress that ultimately, Lady Macbeth is the more ruthless of the two. Lady Macbeth and Macbeth appear equally as ruthless when faced with the idea of murdering Duncan. In an aside to himself Macbeth exclaims, The Prince of Cumberland This is a step on which I must fall down or else oer leap, for in my sort it lies. Stars, hide your fires allow not light see my black and deep desires. (1.4.55-59) When Macbeth learns of his new position his mind almost immediately thinks of what is now standing among him and the throne. His ruthless character takes charge almost instantly as hi s mind turns toward murdering Duncan to secure the throne. Lady Macbeths ruthless nature also takes charge almost immediately later she learns of Macbeths new title. unsex me here, and fill me from the crown to the toe top-full of direst rigorousness. Make thick my blood. (1.5.48-50) Lady Macbeth calls on the spirits to strip her of her charwoman and fill her with cruelty and evil. With these new qualities she believes she pass on be able to take charge and through with the plan to murder Duncan. She is clearly passionate about securing the propel for her husband, Macbeth. Both Macbeths and Lady Macbeths ruthless personalities clearly take charge when they consider murdering Duncan. However as the time of the murder draws closer, Lady Macbeths ruthlessness lead surpass that of Macbeth.Prior to the murder of Duncan, Lady Macbeth is clearly more ruthless than Macbeth. In the last scene of the first... ...hat fears the painted devil. Lady Macbeth offers no emotion or compassion for Macbeth and the murder he has committed. She even so proceeds to call him childish for being sensitive to the fact that he just murdered. Lady Macbeth is undoubtedly more ruthless as she is cold to Macbeth and his feelings and only looks ahead to covering up the task. Her cruel, malice nature is most evident as she will not even comfort her husband when he is most panicked. It is clear that Lady Macbeth is more ruthless than Macbeth in the first two acts of the play. In the beginning, it appears that two characters are equally as ruthless, yet as the story progresses the true evil nature of Lady Macbeth is revealed. Her coldhearted ruthlessness is far beyond that of Macbeth both before and afterwards the murder of Duncan. Lady Macbeths ruthless personality clearly overpowers all the good in Macbeth creating an evil pair that will detail at nada to achieve the throne. Lady of the Manor Essay -- essays research papers Andrew PickettMay 31st 2002Macbeth Ruthle ss EssayPeriod 2 and 3To be ruthless is to act with malice regardless of the consequences. In the first two acts of Macbeth, Lady Macbeth is clearly more ruthless than Macbeth himself. While when both characters are faced with the idea of murdering Duncan they appear equally as ruthless, it becomes clear as the scenes progress that ultimately, Lady Macbeth is the more ruthless of the two. Lady Macbeth and Macbeth appear equally as ruthless when faced with the idea of murdering Duncan. In an aside to himself Macbeth exclaims, The Prince of Cumberland This is a step on which I must fall down or else oer leap, for in my way it lies. Stars, hide your fires Let not light see my black and deep desires. (1.4.55-59) When Macbeth learns of his new position his mind almost immediately thinks of what is now standing between him and the throne. His ruthless nature takes charge almost instantly as his mind turns toward murdering Duncan to secure the throne. Lady Macbeths ruthless nature also tak es charge almost immediately after she learns of Macbeths new title. unsex me here, and fill me from the crown to the toe top-full of direst cruelty. Make thick my blood. (1.5.48-50) Lady Macbeth calls on the spirits to strip her of her womanhood and fill her with cruelty and evil. With these new qualities she believes she will be able to take charge and through with the plan to murder Duncan. She is clearly passionate about securing the thrown for her husband, Macbeth. Both Macbeths and Lady Macbeths ruthless personalities clearly take charge when they consider murdering Duncan. However as the time of the murder draws closer, Lady Macbeths ruthlessness will surpass that of Macbeth.Prior to the murder of Duncan, Lady Macbeth is clearly more ruthless than Macbeth. In the last scene of the first... ...hat fears the painted devil. Lady Macbeth offers no emotion or compassion for Macbeth and the murder he has committed. She even proceeds to call him childish for being sensitive to the fact that he just murdered. Lady Macbeth is undoubtedly more ruthless as she is cold to Macbeth and his feelings and only looks ahead to covering up the task. Her cruel, malice nature is most evident as she will not even comfort her husband when he is most panicked. It is clear that Lady Macbeth is more ruthless than Macbeth in the first two acts of the play. In the beginning, it appears that both characters are equally as ruthless, yet as the story progresses the true evil nature of Lady Macbeth is revealed. Her coldhearted ruthlessness is far beyond that of Macbeth both before and after the murder of Duncan. Lady Macbeths ruthless personality clearly overpowers all the good in Macbeth creating an evil pair that will stop at nothing to achieve the throne.

Shoah - Movie Summary Essay -- Film Movies

The movie begins with Simon Srebnik going back to Chelmno, he is one of the two survivors. He was taken to Chelmno when he was thirteen, his father was killed in front of him, and his mother died in the gas vans. He was known throughout the camp for his agility and his beautiful singing voice. Before abandoning the camp the Nazis shot constantlyyone, including him, in the head. He was left for dead, but was found and survived. Simon went back to tell of the experience he had. He cannot believe what happened as he walks along what is left of the frame of the buildings. He said that 2,000 were burnt per day, but he remembers the camp as being peaceful. No one ever shouted, they just went about their work. He was forced to go up the river, under guard, to get food for the rabbits from the alfalfa fields. Along the way he would sing and the the great unwashed along the shore would listen and some still remember.The other survivor of Chelmno is Michael Podchlebnik. The day he went to th e camp everything died in him, he is human though and wanted to live. He wants to forget about the Holocaust and doesnt like to talk about it. In the beginning he thought himself as dead because he never thought hed survive. His job was to unload corpses, on his first day he cried. On his third day he saw his wife and children. He put his wife in the grave and asked to be killed. The Germans said he was strong enough to work and that he wouldnt be killed yet. Motke Zaidl was a survivor of Sobibor. They vis...

Is Science Moving Too Quickly? :: Technology Essays

Is Science Moving Too Quickly?Before when I heard the word science the first thing came to my consciousness was human cloning. However, recently I started thinking deeper toward this issue. Before, I belief everything about science is unnatural. Scientists are going against God and Human nature. After reading Bishops and Rifkinss articles my emplacement changed toward science completely. By comparing and contrasting these great scholars, science made more sense to me. In 1995 J. Michael Bishop wrote an article deploring the detractors of scientific advancement and exploration. Likewise, in 1988 (republished in 1998) Jeremy Rifkin wrote an article warning of the dangers of advances in the science of biotechnology and calling for caution in that area. Both men agree on several issues but disaccord on many more. The credentials of both men are very different. J. Michael Bishop, a professor of microbiology at UC San Francisco, as the result of a seemingly smear observation (Bishop 2 39) regarding a virus that causes cancer in chickens, has won a Nobel Prize for identifying genes that are involved in the genesis of human cancer. Jeremy Rifkin is a well-known, well-written, informed, prize social activist, a not-for-profit watchdog for Everyman. Both men mention religion. Bishop is annoyed over having to re-fight battles with religious zealots like those who press for the teaching of creationism despite the finding for Darwins possible action in the Scopes trial. Rifkin appeals to them Human-authored creation could lead to a laboratory-conceived second Genesis which could then lead to a biological Tower of Babel and the spread of chaos throughout the biological world, drowning out the ancient language of creation (Rifkin 245). Bishop is probably more scientifically knowledgeable overall. However, in the article he makes an interesting point unintentionally not in his favor, regarding scientific ignorance. Many adult Americans do not even know that the Earth cir cles the Sun (Bishop 241). Recently, a prominent member of Congress betrayed his ignorance of how the prostate secretory organ differs from the testes (Bishop 241). Bishop also says that even scientists do not understand each other. After laboring mightily to make a text understandable by the readers of scientific American, (a magazine not for the uneducated), he was dismayed by the comment of a solid-state physicist of considerable merit who asked him, What exactly is a gene? (Bishop 242). Likewise he reports that 23 geophysicists could not distinguish between DNA and RNA a Nobel Prize winning chemist had never heard of plate tectonics and biologists who thought string theory might have something to do with pasta.

Is Science Moving Too Quickly? :: Technology Essays

Is Science Moving Too Quickly?Before when I heard the word wisdom the first thing came to my mind was humanity cloning. However, recently I started thinking deeper toward this issue. Before, I thought everything ab discover science is unnatural. Scientists are going against God and Human nature. After reading Bishops and Rifkinss clauses my view changed toward science completely. By comparing and contrasting these great scholars, science made more sense to me. In 1995 J. Michael Bishop wrote an article deploring the detractors of scientific advancement and exploration. Likewise, in 1988 (republished in 1998) Jeremy Rifkin wrote an article warning of the dangers of advances in the science of biotechnology and calling for caution in that area. Both men agree on several issues but disagree on many more. The credentials of both men are very different. J. Michael Bishop, a professor of microbiology at UC San Francisco, as the result of a seemingly obscure card (Bishop 239) regarding a virus that causes cancer in chickens, has won a Nobel Prize for identifying genes that are involved in the genesis of human cancer. Jeremy Rifkin is a well-known, well-written, informed, respected mixer activist, a not-for-profit watchdog for Everyman. Both men mention religion. Bishop is annoyed over having to re-fight battles with religious zealots like those who press for the teaching of creationism despite the finding for Darwins theory in the Scopes trial. Rifkin appeals to them Human-authored creation could lead to a laboratory-conceived second Genesis which could then lead to a biological Tower of Babel and the spread of chaos throughout the biological world, drowning out the ancient language of creation (Rifkin 245). Bishop is probably more scientifically knowledgeable overall. However, in the article he makes an interesting point unintentionally not in his favor, regarding scientific ignorance. Many adult Americans do not even know that the Earth circles the Sun (Bishop 24 1). Recently, a prominent member of Congress betrayed his ignorance of how the prostate gland differs from the testes (Bishop 241). Bishop to a fault says that even scientists do not understand each other. After laboring mightily to make a text understandable by the readers of Scientific American, (a snip not for the uneducated), he was dismayed by the comment of a solid-state physicist of considerable merit who asked him, What exactly is a gene? (Bishop 242). Likewise he reports that 23 geophysicists could not distinguish between DNA and RNA a Nobel Prize winning chemist had never heard of plate tectonics and biologists who thought range of mountains theory might have something to do with pasta.

“Social Construction of Reality”

Social Construction of Reality Reality is not an objective thing that is imposed upon us, still is cr wargoned by us. Reality does not exist extern eachy solely internally, as each single or group interprets it, and is always changing. Due to these concepts sociologists often chatter about the amicable construction of earthly concern which is essential to understand when attempting to explain human societal behavior. Since sincerety is the basis of peoples actions, W. I. Thomas states, If people define military positions as real, they be real in their consequences.The social construction of veracity, human social behavior and W. I. Thomass statement are three concepts that fit hand in hand and are important when trying to explain ace some other. Sociologists speak about the social construction of reality as a way to describe the signifi shtupce of how society shapes our definition of reality. People coming together to build reality and define something as real because w e define it as real. As sociologists explain the social construction of reality they have observed that each society or the social groups that each someone belongs to forms ones particular views on life.Our social construction of reality constructs our views of how we see the world around us therefore affecting how we see reality and why we do the things we do. People construct reality using the five senses sight, smell, touch, hearing and taste. For example, when taking a table into consideration, one does not react to the concrete object but the importee we give it. If this same table were to fall out of the sky, land in a jungle and tribe people were to stumble across it they around likely would not use it in the same context but maybe as a bed or a sacrificial altar.The social construction of reality not only applies to inanimate objects but to relationships and the basis of how someone treats someone else, such as symbolic interactionism (Essentials of Sociology, pg. 15). Sym bolic interactionism such as we attach meaning to things and this is how everyone understands similar views in the world and how we communicate with one another. This is evident when one dissects the desire of the enslavement of Africans, known as the white mans saddle. Whites defined blacks as less than human, sav elds or creatures that could not survive off of their own minimal cognitive reasoning.This understanding was the basis of slavery. Another example is the idea of marriage and divorce, and how the institution is ever changing. Up until the early 1900s marriage was viewed as a lifelong commitment, divorce was taboo and shunned as being unchaste and the abandonment of adult responsibility. In 1945 sociologists Ernest Burgess and Harvey Locke noted that couples were looking at marriage as less of a lifelong commitment and more of an disposition that was based on attraction and feelings, it became a situation that could be broken when feelings changed.Divorce became more c ommon and was defined more positive as freedom and sunrise(prenominal) beginnings (Essentials of Sociology, pg. 16). An example of another reality is how from somebody to person there is no true definition of success. The letter grade B brings on different emotions depending on the individual. One student would jump for joy to pass with the B while others would be sad, even cry. In actuality B is just a shape, a letter of the English alphabet, given on paper but what the person defines it as gives it meaning to their reality, and whence forget about the + or - given accompanied with the letter grade.Our social construction of reality defines our behavior and how we respond to the meaning that we give these situations or objects. Human social behavior is what is based off of once a reality is socially constructed. This is why it is so important to first understand the concept of the social construction of reality before trying to explain why people act the way they do. Because this object with four legs attached to a flat surface is defined as a table one uses it to eat on or sit at and not other things such as sleep on.If an individual were to use it as something else they would be looked at as being weird because they are not doing what is socially accepted or viewed as breaking the rules. The concept of ethnocentrism is where a group of people tries to change another group of people to make them like them so they can save them for their own good. This is done because according to their social construction of reality however the debate group behaves is wrong. This can be seen doneout history for example the crusades, as stated before the white mans burden in Africa, and the war in Iraq.During the days of slavery, treating a black individual maliciously was socially accepted because of the way reality was constructed. The changing attitudes toward marriage and divorce are evident when one looks at the trends. Marriage is not viewed the same as it was 100 y ears ago it is not necessary to be married forming a family by age 15. This concept of social construction of reality also explains why patterns form and how people can develop similar behavior without having to know each other.On the streets of recent York good sidewalk etiquette is defined as passing another person on the right, walking far enough not to brush the other person ,if one can help it, and ensuring not to look at the person when walking by. However, when any of these rules are broken it makes the other individual uneasy or even angry. But these unwritten rules arent necessarily the same in different parts of the world, for example in London it is socially correct that if you are walking towards and passing someone else that you part ways on the left side.Other areas where unwritten rules exist are in elevators, such as where and how to stand, and also seen in face-to-face conversations, such as eye contact and distance something known as personal space. Ones views for what is right from wrong also comes from the foundation on what one defines as real. W. I. Thomass quote, If men define a situation as real, its real in its consequences correlates directly to the idea that human social behavior is based off of the social construction of reality.Thomas is analyzing that reality is a social product that is construed by whatever we define as real. macrocosm do what they do and react solely by the meaning we give things and not the things in and of itself. This is why money, gold and diamonds are valuable. Money is hardly made of paper but because it is defined as currency we make it out to be very valuable. To better understand this notion one can acquit note of our system of crime and punishment, which is based off of W. I. Thomass thoughts.When the jury makes a decision, they are deciding on what they perceive as reality. They do not know exactly what happened but from witnesses and evidence they make this judgment. W. I. Thomass idea is signifi cant in the study of human social behavior because it further proves that human actions are based off of the reality that something is true. This is why what is defined as normal varies from culture to culture and the decided meaning to an object or action is arbitrary. The social construction of reality, human social behavior and W.I. Thomass quote, If men define a situation as real, it is real in its consequences are concepts that compliment one another. To be able to understand fully, one must be able to comprehend all concepts. When sociologists speak about the social construction of reality through the groups that we belong to we learn ways of looking at whatever happens to us and what we see because through social interaction is how we construct reality and from that point on is how we behave and respond.Its not a question of which came first the chicken or the egg, because in the eyes of sociologists human social behavior is caused by the social construction or reality and W. I. Thomass statement is an abridgment of these concepts explaining mens definitions of situations given the meaning of what is what or who is who. It doesnt matter what is real or not, what does exist or not exist, because we give meaning or consequences to this reality that has been represent and instilled in our minds. References Henslin, J. M. 2011. Essentials of Sociology A Down-to-Earth Approach-9th edition. Pearson.Social Construction of RealityThe Social Construction of Reality is a work of hypothetical reasoning to the redefine the confinement and to broaden its range to understand the redefining of sociological knowledge. Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann both argue that reality is socially constructed by the knowledge of the people for social reality is produced and communicated amongst others. They emphasise on the fact that human is a part of a product of society and vice versa society is a product of human. Berger and Luckmann follow the Schutzs concept of viewing the reality of everyday life as an intersubjective world- a world shared with many others.Berger and Luckmann begin with emphasizing strongly on the multiple interpretations of reality amongst the intersubjective world they share. They argue the meanings that we, as human, interpret from the messages and what we situate ourselves in, is affected by our knowledge, our surroundings and our interactions. And what we interpret corresponds with others interpretations. Its a constant, ongoing paralleling appointment/agreement between your individual meaning and others meaning of a message. Berger accentuates that we take the reality of everyday life for granted as reality. I felt in the way that he was criticizing humans for being ignorant and limiting minded to what more the world can offer and only focusing on the views of our individual society. Human only seek to understand our individual knowledge of a subject, hence that I mentioned before in my interpretations, that our society is constructed by knowledge. I then concluded that Berger was arguing on the concept that we, as humans, are de-humanizing ourselves through our view of society. He gives off an example, which I completely agree with, to further emphasize on how humans can become oblivious to the world that is outside OUR individual world.He speaks of a case, where an automobile mechanic who knows of only American cars is put in a situation where a customer brings in a Volkswagen-a foreign-made car. Now this mechanic is required to enter the problematic world of foreign cars with curiosity to lead, or makes the choice to not leave his everyday reality. We, as humans (depending on the individuals personality) become cautious when the problematic world is presented to us. Whether the society involves humans to be risk taker, no human would leave their world of comfort and sanity to join and explore something completely different from the world they are acquaint with.After hours of re-reading this ex cerpt, I finally got an idea or at least a gist of what Bergen and Luckmann argues. I then related their argument to past historical events or events that we deal and struggle with today. I related this excerpt to the struggle that women endured in the mid 1800s. Many, more in general, men, didnt recognize women were human with rights according to the political documentations. Men saw women as property, especially if they were married. Women were stripped off their rights when married and were considered delicate and weak.Women possess the knowledge that they were equal to men they knew that the society there were stuck in was incorrect. So they, as delicate and weak beings took the chance to explore their own problematic world. And that lead to a movement, a strong revolution consisting of women fighting for their rights. And the ignorance in this situation is presented through the share of the mens interpretation of what a woman is and the purpose they are to be serving in societ y. As Berger argues that we take our reality of everyday for granted, I agreed.In todays society, it becomes clear that certain women belittle themselves for men. In todays society, women dont realize how glad we are to be able to a complete true citizen. From sending nudes and selling their body, it puts a strong movement that was revolutionizing in the19th century to waste. Women become close minded, exactly as Berger and Luckmann argued, and only see for their individual society. Thats why we need to vote at least to appreciate that the rights we now possessed were fought for, for us to be equal.

Management Policy & Strategy Essay

Management Policy and Strategies course was very interesting and at the same time beta for my career goal. I really wasnt sure what I was going into when I signed up for this course, however I was equal to learn some(prenominal) from it, thanks to Professor Dennis Strouble and all of my wonderful classmates. The position that I hold currently at my place of employment is Program Coordinator, however the duties that I am responsible for fall under a managers position, wherefore I am able to bring information that I have erudite in this class to my work place. SWOT psychoanalysis section of this course was also very interesting. Even though I had heard of the SWOT analysis before, I really didnt pay too much mind to it, but now that I took this course I am more informal about it. Because I can implement SWOT analysis into not only at my workplace but in my personal life, as well, therefore I consider it very important to know. SWOT stands for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunitie s, and Threats. Knowing this information and the meaning to it will make me able to input analysis into what I currently do now and in the future. Performing internal and external analysis is an important factor to when managing a business or even a de crashment. Since short letter plays a manager role, I will be able to perform duties and really look at the department policies and tasks processes and analyze the internal and external areas within the program organization. I deal with low-income families, monthly and quarterly reporting, day-to-day administration, finance, etc. and learning everything I learned in this course will make a positive input to the program, to the organization and most importantly to the federal fund institution that is funding our program. Understanding implementation is an important key to my occupation. Implementing new ideas and processes is part of my job daily. Therefore, with all the information that I learned which I have not mentioned all, the se are some important factors that I will be able to utilize in the business that I am currently in moving forward. Having a professor that actually cares and enjoys teaching (and does a great job at it) really helped me understand the material. I do appreciate the time and effort that you have provided for my classmates and me.

Mid-term Exercise

Vocabulary essayed- Manfred has attempted to find answers to his lack of happiness. He has tried to do good deeds and he has d hotshot terms as well yet neither has offered him answers. avail- Manfred is considering his sustenance, both the good and the bad however as he tries to figure out his purpose in manner he cannot. Avail is to do well or to be of use. In Manfreds case, all his searching is useless and has not r rarityered him whatever answers.Promethean- Byron uses the word promethean to convey Manfreds belief that he has lived as a creative and imaginative being much like the spirits, yet the spirits mock him as alone human. Uncharnel- Lord Byron chose this word to describe Manfreds raising of Astarte, Manfreds love, from the dead. Charnel is a tomb or sometimes when used in literature suggests death. In this case, Byron used it as a description of awakening the dead.Anchorite- The abbot comes to Manfred, hoping to convince him to pray to God and not leave his fate in the hand of the spirits. He appeals to Manfreds likeness to an anchorite, or a person living a life of prayer in solitude (can also be in a religious community) only Manfred spent his solitary life without prayer. Mediator- Manfred wants to deal with his earthly discretions directly with nirvana. He tells the abbot that he will deal directly with heaven and has no desire for the abbot to intervene and explain his actions to ensure his entrance to heaven.Atonement- The abbot believed, as his religion expects, that placation, pick outing for forgiveness for sins, is the only way of acquiring into heaven. Manfred on the opposite hand feels he should deal with his mistakes himself and be responsible for his deliver understanding. Cataract- The abbot wants Manfred to reconsider his life and achievements, but Manfred compares his life to that of a cataract, or waterfall. He feels that all his hopes to achieve great liaisons amounted to nothing and crashed like the water of a catar act.Averse- Manfred defended his choice to live in solitude to the abbot. He matte up his life was unlike those of other men. He believed that his nature was to be alone unlike others who preferred the company of others. Colloquy- Manfred becomes annoyed by the abbots insistence of atonement before death. The conversation becomes intense and Manfred tells the abbot that the conversation is over. Plot a. The event which Manfred speaks of is the death of Astarte which he blames on himself and from that point on he does not wangle about his life and wants it only to be over.b. Manfreds destiny according to the spirit is to live in purgatory. The spirit says,And on thy head I rain cats and dogs the vialWhich doth devote thee to this trialNor to Slumber, nor to die,Shall be in thy destiny (I.i.261)The spirit warns Manfred that he will not sleep or die, but parish.c. After call the spirits, Manfred feels as though they are mocking him and this angers him. He feels that he would be a s lave of the spirits should he agree with the witch and swear him obedience. This is fairly contradicting since he needs them to raise Astartes spirit.d. The witch seems sympathetic to Manfreds sadness and wants to stop his pain but then asks for something in return as a sign of his sincerity which he angrily refuses. While Manfred claimed to want the witchs help he out right refuses to give any part of him in return for her help. During Manfreds encounter with the witch, Manfred describes his total infatuation and love for his sister, Astarte.e. During Manfreds encounter with the spirits, Nemesis was the one to summons Astarte from the dead. Nemesis mocks Manfred as with false pity. Nemesis by definition indicates a person who is an enemy or a force that inflicts injury. In Manfred, Nemesis is inflicting pain by convey the spirit who despised Manfred to him knowing how much he loved her.III. Themesa. Manfred describes human lives as being lived in many different orders. Some live enormous and simple lives whereas some live harsh, painful lives which cause them death before their time. Manfred professes to be a man who deserves an early death because of all hes seen and done and all the pain hes caused and received.Orders as seen in todays standards admit many connotations. Orders today can be seen as different groups of people in society. One example could pertain to religious groups, such as the Order of Saint Francis. People can live their lives in a particular order base on their moral and ethical beliefs. If one believes they have the potential the achieve greatness, they will live accordingly. In the contrary, if one feels life is meaningless they will not strive for more.b. The abbots sympathy towards Manfred allows the readers to understand Manfreds complex reasoning for not wanting to stop by the religious orders required by the abbots religion. The play would have had a very different impact had the abbot been unsympathetic to Manfred. The firm story revolves around the choice Manfred makes to deal with heaven directly, rather than praying for forgiveness.Manfred feels that the abbots religion does not pertain to him. Had the abbot not been portrayed as a sympathetic man then the audience would not have seen Manfred defend his right to go to heaven without absolution. The abbot, begs Manfred to reconsider his choice to not ask for absolutionAbbot.My pious brethren, the scared peasantry,Even thy own vassals, who do look on theeWith about unquiet eyes. Thy lifes in peril.Man.Take it.Abbot.I come to save, and not destroy (III.I. 55-60).IV. Mini-EssaysByron uses two different narrative approaches in Manfred and Beppo. The differences in narration and tone portray two different types of love forbid and innocent. The following essay examines key differences between Beppo and Manfred.Two different types of narration are used in Byrons Manfred and Beppo. In Manfred, Byron creates Manfred as a main(prenominal) character and uses first person narration to allow the reader to get a first hand follow up of Manfreds thoughts and emotions. The narrator in Beppo is not an actual main character. The narrator in Beppo has the advantage of seeing all the characters and their emotions. The narrator in Beppo also relates his own experiences with love in comparison to Byrons characters. The narrator in Beppo has a more upbeat and positive tone about love and life than Manfred, as the narrator saysBut they were young Oh what without our young personWould love be What would youth be without loveYouth lends it joy, and sweetness, vigour, truth,Heart, soul, and all that seems as from above (LV.).Manfred articulatees sadness throughout his tale. Unlike the narrator in Beppo, Manfred tells of his own personal catastrophe. For example, in Act I, Manfred tells of his life of sorrow and disappointmentBut grief should be the instructor of the wiseSorrow is association they who know the mostMust mourn the deepest oer the f atal truth,The Tree of Knowledge is not that of Life (I.I.10).The narrator in Beppo reminisces of past romantic experiences, passing his knowledge to the audience. He compares Lauras love of Beppo and the Count to his own past experiences and while he shares the joy and satisfaction of young love, he must have had his stock ticker broken in the past because he also can sympathize with the disappointments of love.Manfred only briefly speaks of happiness, and that is while reminiscing of his time with Astarte. The love in which Manfred speaks of is a interdict love I say tis bloodmy blood the pure warm stream/ Which ran in the veins of my fathers, and in ours/ When we were in our youth, and had one heart,/ And loved each other as we should not love, (II. I. 28-31). Byrons Beppo however, is based on a more innocent love.Perhaps the most obvious difference between the characters in Byrons two stories is the personalities and psyche of the main characters. Manfred is a tale of pain and suffering Manfred is obviously depressed and suicidal he speaks often of his loneliness and queasiness with life wishing it was over. Beppo doesnt focus on just one twinkling in time as a basis for the narrators emotions. The narrator is unbiased, he tells of both the good and the bad in love.Essay b.In the stories Manfred by Byron and lineage into the Maelstrom there are very different main characters. The characters share some similar qualities which this essay will examine as well as some of their differences and how each could be considered heroes.The two stories express sad experiences as the cause for the main characters motives. Manfreds tragedy was his own doing, by acting on the feelings he had for his sister, while the guides tragic experience was caused by nature. Both characters acted on their experience differently while the guide used his tragic adventure as a learning experience in which he uses to inspire his company, Manfred dwells on his tragic experience, le tting it run his life and eventually end it.Both characters Manfred and the guide had aged before their time. Manfred felt it was his time to die, even though the Chamois hunter questions this. The hunter cant understand why a man younger than himself would want to end his life. Manfred explains Thinkst thou existence doth depend on time?/ It doth but actions are our epochs mine/ Have made my days and nights imperishable (II.I. 56-58).The guide considers himself to have aged dramatically from that tragic moment at sea, he tells his company You suppose me a very old man but I am not. It took less than a single day to change these hairs from a jetty black to white, to weaken my limbs, and to unstring my nerves, so that I tremble at the least(prenominal) exertion, and am frightened at a shadow (par.2).Both of the characters feel that they have vast amounts of life experience which is why they feel old. Their decisions are based on this feeling of being wise beyond their year. Manfred feels he has experienced too much hardship to go on, whereas the guide feels it has made him stronger, though hush up fearful. This can be seen as heroic for both men, it is seen more obvious in the guide however Manfred has taken his future in his own hands and has not been persuaded by others. He knows what he did was wrong, and that his sisters death can be blamed on him, so he does the only thing that seems right.Both characters were strong willed, however, Manfred was not aware of this it was the spirit who recognized his strength. The guide likely new his strength from surviving such an ordeal as the Moskoe-strm yet the guide used this inner strength as a way to inspire his guest.Both Manfred and the guide had a moment of peacefulness and credenza Manfred before he died and the guide right before he thought he was about to die. After being terrified the guide experiences a moment of acceptanceI began to reflect how magnificent a thing it was to die in such a manner, and how foolish it was in me to think of so woeful a consideration as my own individual life, in view of so wonderful a manifestation of Gods power. I do believe that I blushed with shame when this idea crossed my mind. (par.37).Manfred has a moment of acceptance when the spirit comes for himI knew, and know my hour is come, but notTo render up my soul to such as theeAway Ill die as I have livedalone (III. IV. 104-106).Byrons Manfred is a tale based on tragedy whereas Poes Descent into the Maelstrom is a story of strength and accomplishment. These two stories demonstrate the very different approaches one can take after a tragic event. Manfred chose to wallow in his pain and eventually puts an end to it, while the guide chose to live with a new outlook on life.Beppohttp//readytogoebooks.com/LB-Bp48.htmA Descent into the Maelstromhttp//www.online-literature.com/poe/26/Byron, George G. N. Harvard Classics (vol.18) (part 6) Manfred. A Dramatic Poem. (1909). Retrieved Febru

Adlerian Theory Essay

Introduction and RationaleSchool counselors work with students in academic development, tender and emotional skill development, and college/career development. Their work supports student success through knowledge in these domains, improvement of skills, reduction of stress, and improvement in mental health functioning. As I read the article, School Counseling Outcome A Meta-Analytic Examination of Interventions, I couldnt help but realize the importance of go on query on the pithiveness of tutor charge interventions. This article focuses on the effectiveness of an array of school counseling interventions and not solely on private and group counseling.The primary aim of this research was to review various literature pieces that relate to school counseling and identify their outcome and implications to the practice of school counseling. In this study, Meta-analysis 1 involved treatment control comparisons and Meta-analysis 2 involved pretest-posttest differences. The overall average weighted effect size for school counseling interventions was .30. The study examined whether pertinent moderator variables influenced effect sizes.See muchSocial Satire in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn EssayThe pretest-posttest size was not signifi arseholet, so moderator analyses were conducted on treatment control comparisons. Analyses of moderator variables indicated school counseling program activities or interventions varied in effectivenessStrengths and WeaknessesA meta-analysis of school counseling outcome research found an overall effect size of .30. Students who participated in the interventions improved almost a third of the standard deflection more than their peers who did not receive the interventions. In other words, school counseling interventions have a larger effect size than aspirin for preventing heart attacks (ES of .06) and an equivalent effect size to sertoline (Zoloft) compared to placebo, fortreating major depressive disorder (ES of .31).(Whist on & Quimby, 2009). The use of meta-analysis offers some weakness on the research which is actually a common thing for meta-analytic researches. This results from the item that the effect sizes quality is dependant on the quality of research and accuracy. Sampling incorrect of ineffective research cases may overly render the meta-analytic research weak due to the weakness of the researches samp guide.The meta-analytic research may also be stronger due to the fact that it samples a mean of similar variables under various researches and thus providing an average that is a true representative of all researches. In order to improve the meta-analytic execution it is good to first make an analysis of the article and ensure that they are classified appropriately and their content has risque validity so that they may not negatively affect the analysis (Sexton, L.T., & Whiston, S., 1998).Summary of Research OutcomeA meta-analysis of school counseling research (117 studies, 153 school co unseling interventions, and 16, 296 students) found an overall effect size of .30. The authors found that students who participated in school counseling interventions tended to score on various outcome measures about a third of a standard deviation above those who did not receive the interventions. School counseling interventions produced quite large effect sizes in the areas of discipline, problem-solving, and increasing career knowledge.The effect sizes were smaller, but signifi lott, related to school counseling interventions impact on academic achievement. Surprisingly little school counseling research was found related to individual counseling. Concerning guidance curriculum, small groups were more effective than interventions that involved entire classrooms. Outcome research reflects that group counseling can be effective with students who are experiencing problems and difficulties.Applying this Research to PracticeSchool counselors can improve the climate in their schools. Th ey can also draw from a vast array of interventions that will help students increasetheir academic achievement (Brown, 1999). oneness intervention that has been used for more than a quarter of a century is behavioral contracts. Behavioral contracts must have specific objectives, set attainable short goals, be monitored regularly, allow for immediate reinforcement, and be adjusted when they are not promoting the desired change.Other direct interventions frequently employed by school counselors include study skills groups, time management training, classroom guidance units aimed at improving test taking skills, and achievement motivation groups. Achievement motivation groups are led by the counselor, but involve input from the teachers and support for increased achievement from the students in the group. When students have educational and career goals, they do better in school.Counselors can facilitate the development of educational and personal goals by engaging students in indivi dual and group activities that focus on goal setting. Some school counselors routinely ask students about interests, educational plans, and occupational goals and record these in their portfolios as one way of emphasizing the importance of goal setting.Research supports what educators have grand understood parent involvement is an important factor in student achievement (Brown, 1999). Parents who have a high level of commitment to their children, set high standards, maintain a stable home environment, and support achievement, have children who do better in school. Counselors can involve parents through parent consultation, parent education classes that teach parents how to support their children in schools as well as parenting skills, and by advocating for parents and students when students are not treated fairly by the educational establishment.They can also help keep the parents of children who are having difficulty in school apprised of their childrens progress by encouraging te achers to communicate more frequently with parents than once per range period.ConclusionSchool counselors are under pressure to assist in the effort to increase student achievement. They can respond to this challenge by work to improve the school climate, using direct interventions such as teachingstudy skills and involving students in achievement motivation groups, and by increasing the involvement of parents in the educational process. As our culture and educational institutions change, school counseling practices are emerging to better meet the needs of todays students.ResourcesBrown, D (1999). proved strategies for improving learning and academic achievement. Greensboro, NC CAPS PublicationsSexton, L.T., and Whiston, S.C. (1998). A review of school counseling outcome research Implications for practice. Journal of Counseling and Development volume 76, issue exit pp 412-426.Whiston & Quinby (2009). Review of school counseling research. Psychology in the Schools 46(3), 267-272. Schatzberg & Nemeroff (2009). Textbook of Pyschopharmacology. Arlington, VA The American Psychiatric Publisher.Whiston, Susan C Wendi, Lee Tai Rahardja, Daryn Eder, Kelly. Journal of Counseling and Development. Winter 2011. Vol. 89. result 1, p. 37-55.

Jeremy Lin

insure in the Chain Websters Dictionary defines success as the favorable or prosperous termination of attempts or endeavors, or, roaring consummation or achievement. On February 4th 2012 Jeremy Lin made his NBA de simply against the New island of Jersey Nets. Twelve minutes into the game, the non-starter Guard entered the game to make his debut as a New York Knick. To every unitys surprise Lin came off the bench cold to identify up big add up against the Nets that would twain change the pace of the game and give birth a new sensation in the NBA.In his debut game, Lin set apart up twenty-five points, seven assists, and two steals which was a team high in all three categories (NBA. com). Lins initial success was foreshadowing to what was in brief to come. According to Websters Dictionarys definition, Lins twenty-five point achievement in his first performance as a Knick can be deemed successful. Over the next three games of his career, Lins success continued. In his first four NBA starts he had achieved a 27. 3-point per game average proving him to be an elite NBA shammer (NBA. om). Not only was his point per game average impressive it was also a new NBA record, surpassing histrions such as Allen Iverson and Michael Jordan, who are largely considered to be two of the best players to play the game. Along with Lins success in the NBA came a lot of financial aid in the media, a growth in Asian-American attending at Knick games, and increase talk around the league. Jeremy Lins success in his initial performances as a Knick sparked a media hit, on Television, in compositions, and on the net as hearty.One of the most popular expressions about Lins success was Linsanity, which is a combination of the players last name, Lin, and the word insanity to describe the players up and coming success. Not all of the postings and expressions in the media were as warmhearted as the trending Linsanity. Lins attention in the media quickly shifted from his success as a player to attention towards his Chinese heritage. For example, The New York Post, a very passing respected new paper in the Northeast released an article titled Amasian , which was not comprehend to be slimy or racialist by many heaps, because Asian is not by any means an offence term. As time progressed so did the offensive word of honor articles and names given to the successful athlete. Lin was deemed Super-Lintendo and The Yellow Mamba. Super-Lintendo was in reference to Super Nintendo, and Chinese manufactured video game, while The Yellow Mamba is a spin on Kobe Byrant, and African American NBA players nickname. The Yellow Mamba was given to Lin because of his success in the NBA comparable to Bryants and his Chinese skin often associated with a yellowish hue.As Lins success in the NBA continued his attention in the media and Chinese intimacy grew. February 18th 2012 at 230 am ET, Anthony Federico posted his article titled A Chink in the Armor Jeremy Lins 9 Turnovers Cost Knicks In Streak-Snapping Loss to Hornets on ESPN. com. Shortly afterwards the article was posted, at 305 am the article was removed from the website. Though the article was only online for a brief thirty-five minutes, the article was viewed by many, standard a lot of attention and was exceedingly controversial.Shortly after its publish, many different new sources and individuals debated whether the article was racist or not. In addition to removing the article from the website, ESPN opinionated to suspend the articles publisher, Anthony Federico for a thirty day work period and then later that month fire him. ESPN received a great deal of detrimental attention and many people both agreed and disagreed with Federicos article being deemed racist. Ferericos article received a significantly more attention than New York Posts article Amasian because Chink is a often considered to be an offensive term to Chinese-Americans. Federicos article went under great testing from members of the Chinese American Community. U. S Representative and Chinese-American, Judy Chu was appalled by ESPN. coms article. I think the use of the term is appalling and offensive, said Judy Chu to MSNBC, one of the manhoods most successful new networks. The word Chink is a very offensive word to the Chinese-American community.Chink is a negative heathenish spiel towards Chinese people and other Asian Americans because they are commonly assumed to be Chinese because of their appearance and the large Chinese population. The c word is for Asian Americans same the n word is for African Americans, Said Chu. Judy was highly offended by the Federicos use of the c word. To compare the Chinese slur poky, to the African slur nigger, a word that is perceived to be highly racist and has been taken out of American Literature n some schools, gives a good experience of how offensive it really is. The slur nigger is the most offensive word you could ever call an African American person and is fr owned upon due to its negative association dating back to times of slavery in America. If Chu is able to associate chink in the same regard as nigger, it is obvious that its use is highly offensive to Chinese-Americans, because the word nigger is not something that is said in the media, on radio or on basic television because of its so highly offensive.Judy Chu speaks stormily about the vulgar word chink because its mean(a) and is apply to so similarly to the word nigger. While no one would claim that racialism against black people is no longer a trouble in America, it is unthinkable that any news network or even half-brained TV bestower would use racial slurs against a black player equivalent to the Asian ones that incur been used against Lin, stated Hadley Freeman in The Guardian a well-respected Newspaper in Lon male parent.Freeman compares the Chinese racism to be equivalent to using racism towards black people, where she says that no one would ever think to you use a racis t word towards black people because it is so out-casted or restricted, especially in the media. The phrase Chink in the Armor is a reference to a chink, or crack in medieval armor, which would lead to vulnerability and potential injury. Today, this expression is used to describe a weak spot in an object or even a weak member of a group or a team.Anthony Federico used the expression Chink in the Armor in one of his articles titles to describe Jeremy Lins multiple turnovers in The New York Knicks loss to the New Orleans hours before the article publication. Federico used the expression the right way being that Lin performed shortly in the game leading to a loss for the Knicks thus, making a Lin a weak link or Chink in the Armor for the team. Had nothing to do with me being cute or punny, Said Anthony Federico. In his claim given to Politico. om, a popular Internet news source, Federico claims that he was not intentionally racist towards Lin. Federico said that the use of the expres sion Chink in the Armor, had nothing to with Lin being Chinese, and that wasnt used to be interpreted as pun, or sneaky way to include racism towards Lin and Chinese peoples. (Freeman 1) Federicos defense in The Guardian gives his claim that he simply used the expression correctly and did not intentionally use the word chink in its popular meaning describing Chinese people.He believes that the reason why the articles titles receive so much negative attention was not because of his wrong action, being that he used the phrase the way that it is mean to be used, but because individuals and the media misinterpreted his intentions and accused him of racist intentions. Lins success has been turned into many different puns in the media like his nickname Super Lintendo, where the pun is very blunt, but Federicos use of the word chink in his own opinion was strictly used to in its obvious expression and a reflection of Lins performance in the night before and did not pertain to his ethnici ty.Federico went on to apologize to Lin in his statement Im so sorry that I offended people. Im so sorry if I offended Jeremy. (Freeman 1) In Federicos apology he is saying that he is sorry for offending both the Asian American community and Jeremy, and that his remarks were accidently racist, because he did not mean for his title to be interpreted to be racist. Federico claims that his articles title containing the expression chink in the chain, was not using the word in a negative manner.He also claimed that if the title was in fact racist that it was strictly because of poor word choice and therefore accidental. Federicos past use of the word does not support his claim that he did not use the word with an ethnic connotation. Federico told the Daily News he had used the phrase hundreds of times in headlines over the year, taken from an article written by Mackenzie Weigner on Politico. com, a well respected online news source. Federico has used word chink in his publications hundre ds of times in his career.Because he has used the word so many times throughout his career he is very aware of its negative and racist denotation. By claiming that he has used the word hundreds of times, Federico should have known the potential risk of create an article containing the word chink when talking about a Chinese American. And if he was using it all those times, that is extremely sad. The word was used since the 1880s to drop Chinese Americans and to deprive them of rights, and it is used on playgrounds specifically to humiliate and to offend Asian Americans. So I dont know where hes been all this time. (Weigner 1) Judy Chu is disgusted by the fact that Federico has used the word so many times over the course of his career and not sees a problem with it. Chu finds it to be sad that Federico has used the word so many times in his career as a journalist and still cannot grasp the hateful meaning the word takes towards Chinese Americans. Judy the goes on to give a history of the word chink and how it has been used all along to intentionally be offensive towards Asians and more specifically Chinese Americans. racialism is something that Jeremy Lin has experienced his entire lifetime as a collegiate basketball player.During his time at Harvard University, Lin was a successful basketball player and often the members of the opposing teams student fan section often chanted racist remarks as he play. For example, when Lin played University of Connecticut the fans chanted wonton soup as he took his foul shots. When asked about the publication on ESPN. com Lin said, Have to learn to forgive and I dont even think that was intentional. Or hopefully not. (Weigner 1) Federico had apologized to Lin about the incident, and Lin was very quick to accept the apology, forgive him and move on.Lin states that he thinks that Federicos article could have potentially been unintentionally racist as Federico claims. In the end of Lins statement he says Or hopefully not mean ing that if the article was intended to be seen as punny, by slipping in the word Chink while talking about him, he would have found it to be offensive. Racism has been surrounded by racism for a long time and has learned to put it past him and focus on what was important to him, his successful basketball career. avocation Lins impressive and record-breaking start in the NBA came a large amount of media about both his accomplishments and his Chinese heritage.Many of the publications during this times period were warm-hearted and highlighted Lins numbers and quick climb to the rank of an elite NBA player, while unfortunately many other publications keened in on Lins race and at times were demeaning. Federicos article received an excess of attention and proved to be controversial as it was highly debated. Though Federico claimed that his article was not intentionally racist, many people were offended, particularly Asian Americans and as a result Federico was highly scrutinized.

Linear Technology Essay

1. Describe elongated Technologies payout policy.Linear Technology announced its first dividend on October 13, 1992 in order to portray Linear Technology as a slight risky tauten than other technology companies that did not pay dividends and to forgather access to new investors interested in earning income in addition to investing in growth. Linear Technology initially planned to begin with a relatively low dividend of $0.05 per share which amounted to a 15% earnings payout ratio mindful of the fact that investors abhorred firms that reduced or stopped their dividend payment schedule. Beginning more guardedly than their original estimates, Linear Technology began with a $0.00625 dividend per share.Linear Technology has steadily increased its dividend per share change magnitude the payout approximately every four canton by $0.00125. This pattern was maintained from Q2 1993 to Q3 2000. Beginning in Q4 2000, Linear Technology began increasing its dividend per share by a new pat tern of $0.01 increases per four quarters. The on-line(prenominal) dividend per share is $0.05 during Q3 2003. Its current dividend yield of 1% is relatively higher than the average dividend yield position for Information Technology firms in the S&P 500, close to 0.3%.2. What are Linears financing needs? Should Linear return bullion to tis shareholders? What are the valuate consequences of keeping cash inside the firm?Linear Technologys financing needs are to optimize its cash flow, investments, and cash balances in order to maximize its shareholder values. Linears cash balance in March 2003 stood at around $1.5 billion, which was being conservatively invested in short-term debt securities. The cash flow from these investments, the interest income, was around $52 million.imputable to the tax cuts implemented by the Bush administration, the tax rate on dividends and capital gains were greatly reduced. The dividend tax rate dropped from an approximate 38% and the capital gains ta x dropped from an approximate 20%. More important that the magnitude of the tax cuts, however, is that the capital gains tax was equalized with the dividends tax. When the dividends tax is higher than the capital gains tax, the optimal dividendpolicy is to pay no dividends. In this situation, the firm will use share repurchases instead in order to take advantage of tax savings. Before the tax cuts, the firm has less incentive to raise funds for dividend payouts due to the higher tax rate on dividends and the negative belief on shareholders. However, with the equalized tax rate of 15%, the firm is no longer discouraged from raising dividends.3. IF Linear were to pay out its entire cash balance as a special dividend, what would be the effect on value? On the share price? On earnings? On earnings per share? What if Linear repurchased shares instead? Assume a 3% rate of interest.4. Why do firms pay dividends? Why has the rate of dividend initiations changed over time?Firms pay dividend s for several reasons despite the MM proposition that characterizes dividend policy as irrelevant. One main reason for dividend policy is based on the managers belief that investors prefer stable dividends with sustained growth. This kind of dividend signals to the investor the firm has reached a steady state growth i.e. a mature market position. A company usually only begins to consider releasing dividends once it has established incessant and predictable operations cash flows. However, dividends can also act as a negative signal telling investors that the firms growth rate is slowing. Increasing the dividend can, on one hand, signal the managers perspective for future growth and optimism over future cash flows on the other hand, increasing the dividend can also signal a lack of investment opportunities. The use of dividend payouts has steadily decreased over the last 30 years. This trend is in severalise related to the changes in dividend tax rate, however, I believe the majorit y of this trend or trends can be attributed to changes in investor preferences. The dividend payout decision is ultimately chosen by a manager, whose main objective is to satisfy shareholder preferences.

Commandant Reflection Paper

COMMANDANT REFLECTION PAPER (CRP) Reflection, in the context of learning, is a generic term for those intellectual and emotional activities which unmarrieds engage to explore their experiences, in order to lead to new understandings and appreciations. It may take place in isolation or in association with others Boud, Keogh & international ampere Walker, 1985, p19. INTRODUCTION 1. The 15-week Command and Staff Course (Executive) at Goh Keng Swee Command and Staff College exposes officers with myriad of learning opportunities in professional military education and training.Correspondingly, the different modules conducted end-to-end the mannequin serve as touch points for officers to reflect on their personal learning and phylogeny journey. 2. Consequently, officers need to dedicate time to daybook their reflections at separately juncture of the course not just for record purpose but more so to gauge their progress in professional and personal development and growth. OBJECTIVE 3 .The objective of the Commandant Reflection Paper (CRP) is for the officers to take ownership to reflect, journal and share on their professional and personal learning, development and growth end-to-end the 15-week Command and Staff course (Executive). REFLECTION TITLE 4. The reflection is titled Are you ready to Lead? 5. In your reflection, you should consider the following questions a. Referring to the CSC(E) Graduate raillery picture (See Figure 1), how has attending the GKS CSC prepared you to Lead? What aspects of the course surrender developed and prepared you for your future roles in the SAF? b.How much do you think you have developed in both the professional and personal competence? Figure 1 Organisation Knowledge Comprehend changes and trends in strategic environment adaptive to organisational challenges that arises Military Technology Adept at applying military engineering in developing innovative operational concepts and capabilities and fully appreciate the impact of future technology trends and developments Military Operations Comprehend military operations in a Joint environment Decision Making Competently arrive at well-timed(a) decisions based on systemic analysis of the relevant context, factors and values Life-Long LearningInspire to life-long learning Develop self awareness & personal mastery CSC(E) Graduate articulate Picture c. Apart from the course curriculum, what else have you learned and developed in this journey that you feel will better prepare and serve you in the years ahead? d. What would be your leadership and values philosophy? and e. What other aspects do you think are needed to further prepare you to Lead? DELIVERABLES 6. Officers are to journal and share their reflections at the end of the course at syndicate and course level.Insights gleaned from syndicate and course levels sharing will help to further strengthen individual CRP. 7. Details on the paper are listed below a. Word Count. 2000 2500 words. b. Presentat ion and Submission. (i)End of Course. Officers are to share your reflections in relation to the CRP title at the end of the course at Syndicate level on 22 Nov (Thu) from 0830 to 1020 hrs and at Course Level from 1030 to 1220 hrs. (ii)Submission of Paper. Officers are to submit the paper, both in hard and soft copies, by 23 Nov 2012 (Fri) 0830 hrs. c.Officers are strongly encouraged to develop the habit to pen down reflections regularly such as at a daily or weekly basis, or after each lesson, sub-module or module to chart your reflection paper. Mapping your reflections as a frame is a suggested method as you could build on the frame going through the course. CONCLUSION The CRP serves as a self-reflection on how each officer has developed and grown during the CSC(E) journey, in cookery to lead. Officers should also capitalise on this process and internalise it as a culture of reflection in the course of their military career and beyond. Prepared By LTC Terence Goh

The road to polyamory

Will same-sex matrimony extend spousalss stabilizing effects to homo verseds? Will ethereal conjugal union on a lower floormine family life? A contend is riding on the answers to these questions. notwithstanding the medias reflexive labeling of doubts about homo cozy nuptials as homophobia has made it almost impossible to debate the social effects of this reform. Now with the irresponsible Courts ringing affirmation of sexual liberty in Lawrence v. Texas, that debate is unavoidable. Among the likeliest effects of amusing jointure is to sire us down a slippery slope to legalized polygamy and polyamory ( host sum).Marriage resulting be transformed into a physique of relationship contracts, linking twain, three, or more individuals (however weakly and temporarily) in e very(prenominal) conceivable combination of male and female. A scare scenario? Hardly. The bottom of this slope is visible from where we stand. Advocacy of legalized polygamy is growing. A ne twainrk of g rass-roots organizations seeking legal lore for meeting marriage already exists. The ca expenditure of legalized group marriage is champi aned by a powerful gang of family practice of law specialists.Influential legal bodies in both the United States and Canada have presented perfect programs of marital reform. Some of these quasi-govern handstal proposals go so far as to suggest the abolition of marriage. The caprices behind this movement have already achieved strike decide with a prominent American politician. None of this is well k instantaneouslyn. Both the media and public spokesmen for the sprightly marriage movement treat the issue as an unproblematic advance for civil rights.True, a small identification number of relatively conservative cheery spokesmen do consider the social effects of amusing matrimony, insisting that they give be beneficent, that homosexual unions will become more stable. Yet another faction of zippy rights advocates real favors zippy marr iage as a step toward the abolition of marriage itself. This group agrees that there is a slippery slope, and requirements to hasten the slide down. To consider what comes after gay marriage is not to say that gay marriage itself poses no danger to the institution of marriage.Quite apart from the likelihood that it will usher in legalized polygamy and polyamory, gay marriage will almost certainly weaken the belief that monogamy lies at the heart of marriage. But to see why this is so, we will first convey to reconnoiter the slippery slope. Promoting polygamy DURING THE 1996 congressional debate on the Defense of Marriage Act, which affirmed the ability of the states and the federal government to withhold recognition from same-sex marriages, gay marriage advocates were put on the defensive by the polygamy question.If gays had a right to marry, why not polygamists? Andrew Sullivan, one of gay marriages most intelligent defenders, labeled the question fear-mongeringakin to the discre dited belief that interracial marriage would glide by to birth defects. To the best of my knowledge, said Sullivan, there is no polygamists rights organization poised to exploit same-sex marriage and fade the republic to heteroicous abandon. Actually, there are now m any(prenominal) such organizations. And their strategyeven their mankindowes much to the movement for gay marriage.Scoffing at the polygamy prospect as ludicrous has been the strategy of choice for gay marriage advocates. In 2000, following Vermonts enactment of civil unions, Matt Coles, director of the American Civil Liberties Unions homosexual and Gay Rights Project, said, I think the desire that there is some kind of slippery slope to polygamy or group marriage is silly. As proof, Coles said that America had legalized interracial marriage, time also forcing Utah to ban polygamy in the first place admission to the union.That dichotomy, said Coles, shows that Americans are capable of distinguishing between be tter and worse proposals for reforming marriage. Are we? When Tom fleeceable was put on trial in Utah for polygamy in 2001, it played like a line up rehearsal for the coming movement to legalize polygamy. True, colour was convicted for violating what he called Utahs dont ask, dont tell policy on polygamy. pointedly refusing to hide in the closet, he touted polygamy on the Sally Jessy Raphael, Queen Latifah, Geraldo Rivera, and Jerry Springer shows, and on Dateline NBC and 48 Hours. But the Green trial was not just a cable spectacle. It brought out a move number of mainstream defenses of polygamy. And most of the defenders went to bat for polygamy by drawing direct comparisons to gay marriage. Writing in the colony Voice, gay leftist Richard Goldstein equated the drive for state-sanctioned polygamy with the movement for gay marriage. The political reluctance of gays to embrace polygamists was understandable, said Goldstein, besides our fates are entwined in implicit in(p) ways . Libertarian Jacob Sullum defended polygamy, along with all other consensual domestic arrangements, in the uppercase Times. Syndicated liberal columnist Ellen Goodman took up the cause of polygamy with a direct comparison to gay marriage. Steve Chapman, a fraction of the Chicago Tribune editorial board, defended polygamy in the Tribune and in Slate. The New York Times published a Week in Review article juxtaposing photos of Tom Greens family with sociobiological arguments about the naturalness of polygamy and promiscuity.The ACLUs Matt Coles may have derided the idea of a slippery slope from gay marriage to polygamy, but the ACLU itself stepped in to help Tom Green during his trial and declared its support for the repeal of all laws prohibiting or penalizing the practice of plural marriage. There is of contour a difference between repealing such laws and formal state recognition of polygamous marriages. Neither the ACLU nor, say, Ellen Goodman has direct advocated formal state recognition. Yet they give us no reason to suppose that, when the time is ripe, they will not do so.Stephen Clark, the legal director of the Utah ACLU, has said, Talking to Utahs polygamists is like talking to gays and homosexuals who really want the right to live their lives. All this was in 2001, well before the prospect that legal gay marriage might create the cultural conditions for state-sanctioned polygamy. Can anyone doubt that greater public support will be forthcoming once gay marriage has become a reality? Surely the ACLU will tercet the charge. Why is state-sanctioned polygamy a problem?The deep reason is that it erodes the ethos of monogynic marriage. Despite the divorce revolution, Americans still select it for granted that marriage means monogamy. The ideal of fidelity may be breached in practice, yet fornication is clearly understood as a transgression against marriage. Legal polygamy would jeopardize that understanding, and that is why polygamy has historically been handle in the West as an offense against society itself. In most non-Western cultures, marriage is not a union of freely choosing individuals, but an alliance of family groups.The emotional relationship between husband and wife is weakened and subordinated to the economic and political interests of extended kin. But in our world of freely choosing individuals, extended families fall away, and honey and companionship are the only surviving principles on which families can be built. From Thomas Aquinas through Richard Posner, almost every serious observer has granted the incompatibility between polygamy and Western companionate marriage. Where polygamy works, it does so because the husband and his wives are emotionally distant. level off then, jealousy is a constant danger, averted only by strict rules of length of service or parity in the husbands economic support of his wives. Polygamy is more about those resources than about sex. Yet in many polygamous societies, even th ough only 10 or 15 percent of men may actually have multiple wives, there is a widely held belief that men need multiple women. The result is that polygamists are often promiscuousjust not with their own wives. Anthropologist Philip Kilbride reports a Nigerian survey in which, among urban male polygamists, 44 percent said their most recent sexual partners were women other than their wives.For monogamous, married Nigerian men in urban areas, that figure rose to 67 percent. Even though polygamous marriage is less about sex than security, societies that permit polygamy tend to reject the idea of marital fidelityfor everyone, polygamists included. Mormon polygamy has unceasingly been a complicated and evolving combination of Western mores and classic polygamous patterns. Like Western companionate marriage, Mormon polygamy condemns extramarital sex. Yet historically, like its non-Western counterparts, it de-emphasized romantic love.Even so, jealousy was always a problem. One study puts the rate of 19th-century polygamous divorce at triple the rate for monogamous families. Unlike their forebears, contemporary Mormon polygamists try to combine polygamy with companionate marriageand have a very tough time of it. We have no definitive figures, but divorce is frequent. Irwin Altman and Joseph Ginat, whove written the most exposit account of todays breakaway Mormon polygamist sects, highlight the special stresses put on families trying to combine innovational notions of romantic love with polygamy.Strict religious rules of parity among wives make the effort to create a hybrid hidebound/ modernistic version of Mormon polygamy at least plausible, if very stressful. But polygamy let loose in modern secular America would destroy our understanding of marital fidelity, while putting nothing executable in its place. And postmodern polygamy is a lot closer than you think. Polyamory AMERICAS NEW, souped-up version of polygamy is called polyamory. Polyamorists trace their des cent from the anti-monogamy movements of the sixties and mid-seventieseverything from hippie communes, to the support groups that grew up around Robert Rimmers 1966 novel The Harrad Experiment, to the cult of Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh. Polyamorists proselytize for responsible non-monogamyopen, loving, and stable sexual relationships among more than two batch. The modern polyamory movement took off in the mid-ninetiespartly because of the growth of the mesh (with its confidentiality), but also in parallel to, and inspired by, the rising gay marriage movement.Unlike classic polygamy, which features one man and several women, polyamory comprises a bewildering variety of sexual combinations. There are triads of one woman and two men heterosexual group marriages groups in which some or all members are bisexual lesbian groups, and so forth. (For details, see Deborah Anapols Polyamory The New Love Without Limits, one of the movements authoritative guides, or Google the word polyamory. ) Su pposedly, polyamory is not a synonym for promiscuity. In practice, though, there is a continuum between polyamory and swinging. Swinging couples dally with multiple sexual partners while intentionally avoiding emotional entanglements. Polyamorists, in contrast, try to establish stable emotional ties among a sexually connected group. Although the subcultures of swinging and polyamory are recognizably different, many individuals move freely between them. And since polyamorous group marriages can be sexually closed or open, its often tough to draw a line between polyamory and swinging. Here, then, is the modern American version of Nigerias extramarital polygamous promiscuity.Once the principles of monogamous companionate marriage are breached, even for purportedly stable and committed sexual groups, the slide toward full-fledged promiscuity is difficult to halt. Polyamorists are enthusiastic proponents of same-sex marriage. Obviously, any attempt to restrict marriage to a single man and woman would prevent the legalization of polyamory. later on passage of the Defense of Marriage Act in 1996, an article appeared in Loving More, the flagship magazine of the polyamory movement, work for the creation of a polyamorist rights movement modeled on the movement for gay rights.The piece was published under the pen name Joy Singer, identified as the graduate of a top ten law school and a political organizer and public official in California for the previous two decades. Taking a leaf from the gay marriage movement, Singer suggested starting small. A campaign for infirmary visitation rights for polyamorous spouses would be the way to begin. Full marriage and adoption rights would come later. Again using the gay marriage movement as a model, Singer called for careful selection of fillable public spokesmen (i. e. , people from longstanding poly families with children).Singer even published a lyric by Iowa state legislator Ed Fallon on behalf of gay marriage, arguing tha t the goal would be to get a congressman to give exactly the same speech as Fallon, but substituting the word poly for gay throughout. Try telling polyamorists that the link between gay marriage and group marriage is a mirage. The flexible, egalitarian, and altogether postmodern polyamorists are more likely to influence the larger society than Mormon polygamists. The polyamorists go after monogamy in a way that resonates with Americas secular, post-sixties culture.Yet the fundamental drawback is the same for Mormons and polyamorists alike. Polyamory websites are filled with chatter about jealousy, the problem that will not go away. Inevitably, group marriages based on modern principles of companionate love, without religious rules and restraints, are unstable. Like the short-lived hippie communes, group marriages will be broken on the contradiction between companionate love and group solidarity. And children will pay the price. The harms of state-sanctioned polyamorous marriage woul d extend well beyond the polyamorists themselves.Once monogamy is defined out of marriage, it will be next to impossible to educate a new generation in what it takes to keep companionate marriage intact. State-sanctioned polyamory would spell the effective end of marriage. And that is precisely what polyamorys newand surprisingly influentialdefenders are aiming for. The family law radicals STATE-SANCTIONED polyamory is now the cutting-edge issue among scholars of family law. The preeminent school of thought in academic family law has its origins in the arguments of radical gay activists who once opposed same-sex marriage.In the early nineties, radicals like longtime National Gay and Lesbian delegate Force policy director Paula Ettelbrick spoke out against making legal marriage a precedence for the gay rights movement. Marriage, Ettelbrick reminded her fellow activists, has long been the focus of radical feminist revulsion. Encouraging gays to marry, said Ettelbrick, would only a rmament gay assimilation to American norms, when the real object of the gay rights movement ought to be getting Americans to accept gay difference.Being queer, said Ettelbrick, means pushing the parameters of sex and family, and in the process transforming the very stuff of society. Promoting polyamory is the ideal way to radically reorder societys view of the family, and Ettelbrick, who has since formally signed on as a supporter of gay marriage (and is frequently quoted by the press), is now part of a movement that hopes to use gay marriage as an opening to press for state-sanctioned polyamory. Ettelbrick teaches law at the University of Michigan, New York University, Barnard, and Columbia. She has a lot of company.

Wade and Tavris

Two of the renowned authors in the field of psychology Carole wade and Carol Tavris have been verbal in delivering psychology books which are famed for their critical thinking ideals. The topic of motivation has been high on their agenda and the two authors borrow heavily from Abraham Maslow who was a humanist psychologist. Most of Abrahams work involved ideals much(prenominal) as self-importance actualization and human potential. Most of his work revolved around the model of gaining fulfillment and attempting to get it by rising through various levels of postulate. This as Abraham came to describe is the hierarchy of demand which is a pyramid.Abraham described it as one that provided motivational strivings for people to achieve its various stages. Maslow proposed a military issue of levels that make up the pyramid (Abraham, 1999). The bottom level contains basic needs the second level contains surety needs, with affection and belonging being in the third level. The fourth le vel contains self respect and self esteem needs while the last and fifth level is the self actualization (Wade and Tavris, 1998). Maslow emphasized the needs to fulfill the basic needs to many certain degrees before the other stages in the pyramid quite a little be attained.Wade and Travis describe motivation as an inferred process within a person or animal that causes movement either toward a goal or a style from an unpleasant situation. The authors deliberate that a competent animal will obviously have motives to achieve. Thus people will in the main have the tendency of going through the various stages in the hierarchy of needs and thus cause goals and aspirations. The two various(prenominal)s assert their positions that goals will have the effect of improving motivation but they have to be pegged on certain conditions.The two argue that in order for the goals to improve motivation then some of the characteristics that they have to posses is that they should be specific, ch allengeable but achievable and framed in such a way that what is being wanted supersedes what is unwanted. Wade and Tavris go further to describe types of goals which are performance and mastery (learning) goals. The two describe performance goals as those that are framed in such a way that an person has enhanced performance in front of others and thus is judged favorably with little or no admonition being directed in his direction.Masterly (learning goals) on the other hand are framed in such a way that the soul works towards increasing his competence and skills. With these the two authors suggest that an individuals main motivation will be to perform well in front of others or learning the skill for the satisfaction of it. The two renowned personalities tend to argue that praise may not be a motivation and they show this by giving an example of how a child may loose the pleasure or motivation of learning if the child is being praised for being smart.Motivation is regarded as o ne of the powerful tools that has the capability of enhancing performance and when the right form of motivation is found then the individual will achieve higher. Self efficacy which is an individuals belief that he they are capable of attaining goals, being efficacious and learning new skills is one of the best motivations that an individual can have (Bandura, 1997). However the motivation will only work when the goals that are desired are achievable and thus the expectation that is pegged to the motivation should consent with the attainability of the goal.

The Dutch Oven

The Dutch Oven is a old version of a frying pan or roasting pan. The Dutch Ovens started production in the 1700s. Dutch ovens are shut up used for many things, like cobblers and roasts. Dutch ovens were made of brass in the first couple of grades that they were made. Then a man by the name of Abraham Darby visited the Netherlands and wanted to regard the the production of the Dutch Oven. When he figured out how to make the oven he traveled back to England. When he returned home he was trying to find a way to make a cheaper version of the oven. His grounding was made of a more economical metal of cast iron.The Americans found out about these dutch ovens and they brought them into their colonies. The famous patriot Paul Revere was credited with adding the peg legs on the pots and the flat top eyelid with a rack that would hold the coals. All of the settlers and the colonists that have moved to america used these pot because of their military capability and there versatility. When Lewis and Clark set out on there expositions they took a Dutch Oven with them all the way finished the american west. The Dutch oven was one of the many things that Lewis and Clark brought home with them at the end of there exposition.In the year of 1896 a man by the name of Joseph Lodge founded a confederacy that would make and sell Dutch ovens. This company was located in the state of Tennessee. The name of this company is called Lodge the owner named it after himself. right away the company is sells more dutch ovens than any of the other companys in the world. There was also another company that was founded it was called Le Creuset.Le Creuset was built and constructed in the French town of Fresnoy-le-Grand. This company made Dutch Ovens and preparedness supplies like Lodge did. Le Creuset is famous for the really slap-up quality of its iron and for the really good quality of their enamel coatings. Even though the Dutch oven is a older style of pot it is still used today to cook food.

Becton Dickerson

In your judgment, did Becton Dickinson have an contract to provide the safety syringe in all its sizes in 1991? Explain your position, using the materials from this chapter and the principles of utilitarianism, rights, justice, and compassionate Becton Dickerson is sensation of the largest manufacturers of medical supplies,dominates the market in disposable syringes and needles. In 1986, BectonDickinson had acquired exclusive rights to a patent for a sensitive syringe invented byCharles B. Mothball that had a moveable preventive sleeve around it. The plastictube around the syringe could soaringdown to rarely cover the needle. 992, a nurse, Maryann Rockwood, used a Becton Dickinson 5 cc syringeand needle to displace blood from a patient know to be infected with aid. Ms. Rockwood Worked in a clinic that served AIDS patients, and she draw blood from their patients several times a day. After drawing the blood on this particular day,she transferred the AIDS contaminated blood to a retile test tube called a restrainertube by sticking the needle by means of the rubber stopper of the lest tube, which shewas bolding with her other(a) hand. She accidentally pricked her finger with thecontaminated needle. She is now HIV positive.For removing this problem, on December 23. 1996, the U. S patent officeissued patent number 4,631,05y to Charles B Mitchell for a syringe with a tubesurrounding the body of the syringe thatcould be pulled down to cover andprotectthe needle on the syringe. As Mitchell noted inhis patent application, those devicesall suffered from serious drawbacks. genius of them would not lock the protectivecover over the exposed needle, one was extremely complex, another much longerthan a archetype syringe anddifficult to use, and a fourth was designed primarily foruse on animals.So, it can be give tongue to that Becton Dickinson has not an obligation to provide thesafety syringe in all its sizes. The company decided to market just a 3 cc versiono f the protective sleeve. For 5 years, Becton Dickinson manufactured only 3 ccsafety syringes. Utilitarianism, rights, Justice and caring The principle of Latinityrequires that wherever we have a choice between anative actions or well-disposed policies,we must choose the one that has the best overall consequence for everyoneconcerned. Denton Dickinson had at least four other patents for needle-shieldingdevices.There included ICC, 3 cc, 5cc, and to cc syringe. However, the companydecided to market only a 3 cc version of the protective sleeve. The a cc syringes account for about help of all syringe used, although the larger size 5 cc and 10 ccstringer-are preferred by nurse whendrawing blood. Should manufacturers be held liable for failing to market all the products for which they hold exclusive patents when someones injury would have been avoided if they had marketed those products? Explain your answer. Yes, they should be. It is their legal and incorrupt obligation to do so.

A Day in a Life: a Summary of the Case and Some Questions Essay

* Summary of the movementThis case shows a daily working conduct of Rachel, the envision manager of a large information systems excogitate, to mainly discuss whether she allocates her duration appropriately or not. When we take a closer look at her works on that certain day, then we toilet classify those works into three parts thrust related, non- project related, and routine works. After analyzing those works from individually one by each, therefore we are able to get the concept easily of whether Rachel has been playing a in effect(p) role in project manager. No matter the answer turns out to be yes or not, we good-tempered can improve her work schedule more efficient by viewing the result of our analysis.* Answers of the questions1. How efficaciously do you think of Rachel spent her day? Based on the all in all day schedule provided by the case, I would like to make a accede to address how effectively Rachel spent her day. The consequence supra shows that Rachel spe nt around 70% of her working time dealings directly with project related work. ascribable to everyone has different aspects in judging how effectively of Rachel regarding to the figure, from my point of view, when a manager who can spend his or her time on project work beyond 65%, then I would probably remember he or her is an effective project manager. So, therefore, in this case, Rachel is no doubt to be positive asset to her company for sure.See more Beowulf essay essay2. What does the case tell you about what it is like to be a project manager? a. Outlining specific goal for teammates As an appropriate project management, he or she must act like a captain of a big ship understanding exactly which way we should move on in the center of the huge ocean. Project management not only if has to run through good understanding of direction, but also has to monitor what is going on in each phase. People says that the performance of the team is not bearingstrong by the most outst anding teammates, instead is determined by the weakest one. That is being said, making sure the slowest part to catch up the pace of the whole team is one of the imperative job of project manager.b. Integrating diversified workers from different department oneness of the most hardest and special part of being a harvest-feast manager is to integrate diversified pack from different department. Due to project team well-nightimes is temporary and short, different fields muckle they dont know each some different well, so that it might occur lots of conflicts during cooperating level of time. From my personal experience over the past few years, tasks failed not beca spend workers didnt bemuse the ability to process the task itself which was because they spent too much energy and time on dealing with each other because each individual has his or her opinions. Therefore, if project manager doesnt apply outstanding social skills to surpass each worker, no matter how smart he is, then he is not able to eke out the mission as he expect.c. Being an optimistic cheerleader and powerful coordinator between each department nearly of time working is frustrated especially as a member of a new team. Sometimes, workers not only score to be responsible to project manager but they also still have to do original tasks from their regular team. How can they be cheerful if pressures come from both sides of the supervisor? Thus, project manager somehow should be a cheerleader to give these teammates some sort of incentives such as especial(a) bonus or holidays, asked from big boss, to motivate them to get the tasks done as soon as possible. Moreover, product manager needed to be powerful in order to coordinate conflicting breaks between each department. Take this case for example. Client firm is upset because they didnt get certain features which promised by marketing representative and Rachel had no clues about it until she hears from one of the members. We all know project manager is of course the head of the project, but if Rachel has no power to get the features promised my marketing representative to her lymph node, and then next time her client wont become companys loyal customer again.d. Take full debt instrument that project is completely successful within time and budget Unlike other functional manager, project manager takes full responsibility in entire project which should be successful within time and budget (professor mentioned in reality it is better to beyond the budget in order to get bare amount of money for next one). So, from this point of view, there is no other job like project manager in terms of huge pressure. On the other hand, some people might think to be a project manager can sense of smell a great deal of sense of achievement as long as finishing the task. Therefore, project manager is a job which require all kinds of ability including organizing, allocating resources, communicating, cheering people, coordinating , politic skill, and so on.* Insights of the caseA number of things I have learned from this case. First of all, Rachel, even though, spent 70% of her daily working time on dealing with projects work directly, it doesnt mean that she did effectively in the project itself. In other words, she still can save her time by taking care of client firm issue thoroughly and cautiously. Again, lets take client firms case for instance. Regarding to the time table above, Rachel spent 130mins (25% of her total working time) just on handling this case Is there any other way to prevent this kind of incident happened? Answer would be yes by having a great cogitation system among each departments head and Project manager, so that before things going to the domain or to clients side, they still have a plenty of chances to make it right, otherwise they have no choice but to waste more costs (time and money) to correct it again.Moreover than that, clients might have a negative experience on it and sta rt to doubt whether this company has enough ability to report this project. So, my point is that if Rachel were powerful enough she would be able to handle this project more effectively. Thus, her boss call for to give her adequate resources during this period of time. As a project manager, although she has power in hand, she also has to use it very careful, otherwise as project team dismissed in the future, then she would face a big problem in terms of working with her fellow workers. This is really a good case which gives me a whole profile of being a project manager. With this cases help, I feel more knowledgeable of learning Project Management this class in this semester.* Reference1. By tell the question 2 above, I referred to text book page 10, the topic of The Project Manager, which grownup me a several numbers of responsibilities that project manager should have. 2. Slides in Chapter 1(slides 1-11 and 1-12) also give me some points of view that what skills are needed as being a project manager.